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The range statement relates to the unit of competency as a whole. It allows for different work environments and situations that may affect performance. Bold italicised wording, if used in the performance criteria, is detailed below. Essential operating conditions that may be present with training and assessment (depending on the work situation, needs of the candidate, accessibility of the item, and local industry and regional contexts) may also be included. |
Basic mechanical concepts may include: | types of levers mechanical advantage. |
Cardiovascular system may include: | the major physical characteristics of blood and the functions of its major components the structure and function of the heart and its major components the structural and functional characteristics of the conduction systems of the heart the major events of the cardiac cycle the structure and function of the various types of blood vessels the major arteries and veins of the circulatory system the control of blood flow to skeletal muscle. |
Concepts and principles of mechanics may include: | mechanical concepts modelling human movement gravity centre of mass inertia force and momentum force production by the body mechanical concepts related to common exercise equipment resistance and or resistance arm force and or force arm axis of rotation variable resistance. |
Directional terms may include: | flexion extension dorsiflexion plantar flexion abduction adduction circumduction rotation supination pronation inversion eversion protraction retraction elevation depression. |
Energy systems may include: | duration and intensity of exercise effect energy contribution from the main energy systems utilised during different forms of exercise adenosine triphosphate phosphocreatine anaerobic glycolysis exercise programs that utilise of fatty acid metabolism energy system adaptations effect of energy intake affects the breakdown of energy substrates body systems involved in production of energy. |
Environmental conditions may include: | adaptations of the body to hot and cold environmental conditions physiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the heat compared to normal adaptive conditions physiological and biomechanical differences of exercising in the cold compared to normal adaptive conditions acute and chronic effects of exercising in water the mechanism whereby the body regulates internal temperature in responses to environmental changes and exercise dehydration and the importance of water intake and or re-hydration during exercise physiological demands placed on the body from smoking need for a comprehensive preparation phase to avoid heat or cold stress mobility general preparation pre stretch specific preparation. |
Fitness equipment may include: | rowers steppers steps treadmills stationary cycles VO2 max shuttle run test recordings heart rate monitors ratings of perceived exertion 'norm' charts. |
Forces may include: | resistive motive friction centre of gravity centre of force, equipment and muscles. |
Functional appraisals may include: | anthropometry aerobic responses cardiovascular responses strength endurance flexibility. |
Measurement methods may include: | heart rate response pulse response blood pressure response respiration rate response skin colour response perceived exertion exercise form work output. |
Metabolic products may include: | lactate carbon dioxide water. |
Muscle groups may include: | prime mover fixators assistors. |
Physiological responses may include: | the acute responses to the onset of exercise cardiovascular system heart rate response blood volume blood pressure stroke volume cardiac output respiratory system respiratory rate immune system nervous system musculoskeletal system endocrine system the regulation of blood flow during exercise the shifts in the distribution of blood to various areas of the body during exercise. |
Physiological adaptations may include: | distinguish between central and peripheral fitness adaptations explain the central and peripheral adaptations of the body to anaerobic training and aerobic training. |
Processes may include: | glycolysis gluconeogenesis lipolysis use of protein as fuel. |
Range of motion may include: | sit and reach goniometers electronic. |
Skeletal anatomy may include: | bones structure and mechanics of bone the biomechanical properties of bone the responses of bone to weight bearing activities bone formation, growth, and remodelling the influence of diet on bone homeostasis the influence of age on bone homeostasis major bones and major landmarks of the skeleton bone markings tuberosity crest trochanter line tubercle epicondyle spine head facet condyle ramus meatus sinus fossa groove fissure foramen directional terms used to define positions of bones and landmarks structural regionalisation of the vertebral column and the implications for movement normal and abnormal spinal curvatures and the implications of these conditions for physical activity joints joints related to exercise intervertebral sternoclavicular sternocostal acromioclavicular glenohumeral elbow radioulnar radiocarpal metacarpophalangeal pubic symphysis coxal tibiofibular femoropatellar tibiofibular ankle metarsophalangeal structure and function of joints fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial joints anatomical structure of joints. |
Skeletal muscle contraction may include: | the main features of nerves and the nervous system related to exercise nervous system classification and structure central or peripheral afferent or efferent voluntary or involuntary structure of a motor neuron generation and conduction a motor impulse reflex arcs the neural innervation of muscles for movement and proprioception the types of muscle contraction, and the relationship between muscle force and external load for each the factors influencing muscle contraction length tension relationship motor unit recruitment muscle fibre types mechanical advantage of joint position force velocity relationships size principle reciprocal inhibition, agonist or antagonist relationship. |
Structure and function of muscles may include: | the transfer of metabolites between blood and muscles the general relationship between nerves and skeletal muscle the major postural muscles pectoralis minor serratus anterior intercostals brachialis pronator teres brachioradialis flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus extensor carpi radialis longus flexor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi ulnaris extensor digitorum external oblique rhomboid major rhomboid minor levator scapulae teres minor supraspinatus infraspinatus internal oblique gluteus maximum gluteus medius gluteus minimus transverse abdominis iliotibial tract adductor magnus biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus iliopsoas tensor fasciae latae sartorius adductor longus gracilis the purpose of connective tissues ligaments elbow radial collateral ligament ulnar collateral ligament knee fibular, ie, lateral, collateral ligament patella ligament anterior cruciate ligament tibial, ie, medial, collateral ligament posterior cruciate ligament shoulder acromio clavicular ligament ankle tendon achilles tendon patella tendon pelvic floor muscles |
Weight bearing may include: | own body weight added resistance pin loaded hydraulic free weight air braked water environment. |